Causes and types of tire damage

Tires can incur damage from various sources, sometimes without the driver noticing immediately. Common types of damage include punctures, cuts, impacts, cracks, bulges, and uneven wear. This section outlines the signs and symptoms to help you identify these issues, along with practical tips to prevent them.

How to check your tires

Identifying irregular wear

There are several types of irregular wear, the most typical variations being heel and toe wear, one-sided wear, and center wear. Here we explain how and why they occur.

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HEEL AND TOE WEAR

Heel and toe wear is a tire pattern resulting from regular usage and suspension configurations. It visibly and audibly reflects the effects of different forces acting on the tread. To delve deeper into this phenomenon, let's explore the tread design further.

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CENTER WEAR

Center wear appears on the drive wheels of powerful vehicles. It results from vigorous acceleration, frequent stops in city traffic, or rapid takeoffs from traffic lights, which subject the tread center to accelerated wear. Modern mid-range vehicles equipped with high-torque engines are particularly prone to this type of wear.

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CENTER WEAR

Center wear appears on the drive wheels of powerful vehicles. It results from vigorous acceleration, frequent stops in city traffic, or rapid takeoffs from traffic lights, which subject the tread center to accelerated wear. Modern mid-range vehicles equipped with high-torque engines are particularly prone to this type of wear.

Punctures explained
Punctures occur when sharp objects like nails, screws, or broken glass penetrate the tire's surface, potentially causing gradual air loss if the puncture is deep enough.

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IDENTIFYING AN IMPACT BREAK OR BULGE

An impact break is damage inflicted on the carcass (the casing of the tire) after the tire comes into contact with certain obstacles. A pronounced bulge on the sidewall of the tire indicates destroyed cords inside the carcass.
amage of this kind is usually caused by driving over objects – like curbs or speed bumps – at excessive speed or the wrong angle.

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IDENTIFYING A SIDEWALL INDENTATION

A tire sidewall is not always perfectly even; sometimes there will be dimples and indentations and may require a more detailed inspection to determine the causes.
The essential thing to know is that indentations are harmless and aren't detrimental either to driving or safety characteristics. The dimples are superficial.

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IDENTIFYING A CUT

Cuts are the result of external influences like bad road conditions, protruding bodywork parts, or sharp, foreign objects such as stones or glass. If you discover damage in the form of a cut on the tire surface, you should visit your local tire dealer and have your tires immediately checked by an expert.

How to prevent damages
Change the position of the tires on the car at regular intervals (unless otherwise recommended by the vehicle manufacturer) to promote even tire wear. The position of the tires should be rotated, for example, when making the seasonal transition from summer to winter tires.
If you find yourself in a situation where you have to drive over an obstacle in the road, approach it slowly and as close to the perpendicular as possible. Afterward, check your tires for exterior damage such as cuts, cracks or bulges. Also, avoid driving aggressively on unpaved roads.

The most common damages

Crack in the Tread
While tire sidewall cracks are more common and unavoidable, cracks in tire tread are a potentially urgent concern that drivers need to address.

Feathered Tread
Wear due to misalignment (incorrect toe-in/toe-out settings), A feathering effect shows on elements of the tread pattern. Dependent on the degree of lateral movement, this can sometimes be accompanied by harsh and abrasive tread wear.

Center Wear = Over-Inflation
If your tires are wearing down rapidly in the center of the tread, you may be driving on tires that are consistently over-inflated.

Edge Shoulder Wear = Under-Inflation
In contrast to center wear, edge wear may occur when tires are under-inflated. If you’re driving on tires that are under-inflated, the edge of the tires will make the most contact with the road, causing the edges to wear down more quickly.

Cupping = Suspension Troubles
If you notice that there are random smooth spots on your tire or little dips in the tread wear, the culprit could be your vehicle’s suspension system. More specifically, suspension parts are probably worn out or even bent out of shape.

Diagonal, Patchy Wear = Time for Tire Rotation
Patchy tire wear suggests your tires are out of balance. If you examine your tires and notice that the wear is uneven, it’s time to have your tires rotated and probably aligned!

Flat spot
Flat-spotting occurs when a flat and rigid patch develops where the rubber of your tire meets the ground below it. This surface is known as your tire’s contact patch.

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